Primary-source analysis
EtG research, laboratory methods, and alcohol biomarkers
Evidence summaries that explain what the study measured, what it found, and what it cannot establish for one individual.
Primary sources first
Claims link to human studies and analytical validations rather than competitor summaries.
Methods made visible
Population, specimen, cutoff, and collection window are part of the finding.
Limits stay attached
Group-level evidence is not converted into personal certainty.
Research explainers
Laboratory methods01
EtG immunoassay vs LC-MS/MS
How screening and confirmatory measurement differ.
Read evidence summary →Specimen comparison02Urine EtG vs hair EtG
Recent exposure versus a longer retrospective pattern.
Read evidence summary →Diagnostic accuracy03EtG sensitivity and specificity
Why performance changes across cutoffs and time.
Read evidence summary →Result interpretation04Quantitative EtG levels
Why a concentration is not an exact drink-count chart.
Read evidence summary →Biomarker comparison05EtG vs EtS vs PEth
Choose a biomarker that matches the time-frame question.
Read evidence summary →